b'general improvements and scientic advancements inso it can supply natural gas to Idaho either from fuel reprocessing techniques and waste management. Canada or from Wyoming and Colorado.9In 1992, when a lowered demand for uraniumRailcaused the Department of Energy to halt all fuelRail is a critical component of Idahos freight system reprocessing eorts across the country, approximatelyfor hauling bulk commodities, including agricultural 31,432 kilograms of uranium had been successfullyproducts, basic chemicals (serving the food processing, recovered at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant.wood, and chemical industries), fertilizers, cereal grains, The four main buildings that housed the complex fueland other agricultural products. The rail system in reprocessing operation now await decontaminationIdaho consists of a network of railroads, rail hubs and and demolition.7 yards, and truck to rail transfer facilities (see Figure 1).Now, the INLs Advanced Test Reactor is the worldsIdaho is prime for intermodal transportation. most powerful research reactor and serves as theWith total freight tonnage in Idaho anticipated agship irradiation facility in the United States. Theto increase by nearly 72 percent by 2040, cost Advanced Reactor Technologies Program aims toeectiveness and eciency of transport will become develop new advanced reactor designs and technologyimportant considerations in modal choice and to advance the state of reactor technologies.8 modal investment in the future. Freight rail is a METHODS OF HAZARDOUSgood transportation option, particularly for its low CHEMICAL AND MATERIALvalue and bulk product transport as a result of its TRANSPORTATION eciency. From a fuel eciency standpoint, rail can transport one ton of freight 469 miles per gallon of There are three primary modes of hazardous chemicalfuel and is four times more fuel ecient than a truck and material transportation in Idaho, transportationon average. One train can haul the freight of several via pipeline, rail, or truck. The mode used largelyhundred trucks, which means less highway gridlocks depends on the material being transported or theand reduced impact on highway maintenance and quantity being moved. capacity expansion investments. 10Pipelines TrucksHazardous substances can be transported viaThere are approximately 115,000 truck shipments pipeline across Idaho. The State receives petroleumto, through, or out of Idaho each year. Nearly two products by two pipelines, one running west alongthirds of these shipments are freight owing in the Snake River Valley from reneries in Utah andand out of Idaho going to its neighboring states.10another crossing the northern part of the State fromSeen in Table 1, materials that could be considered reneries in Montana. Some petroleum productschemicals or hazardous make up nearly 15 percent from Puget Sound reneries are also sent by pipelineof total trips in Idaho.to Portland, Oregon, and then by barge up the Columbia and Snake Rivers to Lewiston, Idaho. ThoseIn the case of trucking, hazardous materials are useful that use natural gas in the State receive their supplyproducts that, when transported, pose a signicant by interstate pipeline, mainly from Canada. Onerisk to health, safety, or property because they are pipeline system enters Idaho at its northern borderammable, toxic, corrosive, or have other dangerous with Canada, crosses the panhandle, and continuesproperties. When transported, hazardous wastes must to Washington, Oregon, and California. The otherbe accompanied by a hazardous waste manifest. system runs from the San Juan Basin in southwesternFinally, truckers must comply with the Federal Motor Colorado across Idahos Snake River Plain to the PacicCarrier Safety Regulations pertaining to hazardous Northwest and Canada. The system is bi-directional,materials transport. 1172 I D A H O I N F R A S T R U C T U R E G U I D E B O O K'